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Iroha

Water profile

Iroha

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

SimpleSodium Bicarbonate-Chloride spring

A hot 58 °C simple thermal spring rising in the Kannawa quarter of Beppu. The pH sits at 7.6 at the wellhead and 6.6 in the lab — neutral overall, gentle on the skin. Total dissolved solids are a modest 830 mg/kg, but a generous 236 mg/kg of metasilicic acid leaves the kind of silky silica film that smooths the skin after a soak.

Good for

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium110mgP31 national
  • Magnesium11.1mgP63 national
  • Potassium16.4mgP56 national
  • Calcium47.8mgP57 national
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Bicarbonate278mgP63 national
  • Chloride66.6mgP32 national
  • Sulfate53.5mgP41 national
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid236mgP93 national
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • Radonmg

Measured at the source

pH
7.60
Neutral
Source temperature
58.0°C
Hot
Tonicity
0.83g/kg
Hypotonic
Radon
7.40Bq/kg
Low

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  3. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  4. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  5. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  6. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.