Onsen OniOnsen Oni

Search Onsen Oni

Search onsen, areas, prefectures and pages.

湯川温泉 河童の湯

Water profile

湯川温泉 河童の湯

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

SimpleSodium Chloride-Bicarbonate spring

An alkaline simple thermal spring at pH 8.9, sitting in the Japanese beauty-water family with the characteristic slippery feel. Mineralization is light (289 mg/kg dissolved solids), so the 56 °C source reads as gentle and easy to soak in rather than mineral-heavy. The water itself is nearly colourless, tasteless and odourless — the appeal is the soft, smooth feel on the skin rather than any sensory signature.

Good for

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium76.0mgP24 national
  • Calcium6.1mgP19 national
  • Potassium1.4mgP17 national
  • Aluminum0.07mgP33 national
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Chloride66.6mgP32 national
  • Bicarbonate61.1mgP33 national
  • Sulfate24.1mgP33 national
  • Carbonate11.2mgP52 national
  • Fluoride0.80mgP44 national
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid40.9mgP22 national
  • Metaboric acid1.2mgP13 national
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • ChromiumNDmg
  • CopperNDmg
  • Mercury< —mg
  • LeadNDmg

Measured at the source

pH
8.90
Alkaline
Source temperature
56.0°C
Hot
Tonicity
0.29g/kg
Hypotonic
Flow rate
87.2L/min
Typical

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  3. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  4. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  5. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  6. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.