Onsen OniOnsen Oni

Search Onsen Oni

Search onsen, areas, prefectures and pages.

Hana Beppu

Water profile

Hana Beppu

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

BicarbonateSodium Bicarbonate spring

A sodium-led bicarbonate spring of the classic jūsō-sen style, emerging hot at 48 °C from a 160 m bore. Weakly alkaline at pH 8.3 with the soft, slippery touch that puts it firmly in Japan's beauty-water family. A generous 184 mg/kg of metasilicic acid leaves the kind of silica film that makes skin feel noticeably smoother afterwards.

Good for

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium167mgP42 national
  • Calcium35.4mgP49 national
  • Magnesium21.4mgP71 national
  • Potassium15.7mgP54 national
  • Lithium1.1mgP76 national
  • Iron (II)0.40mgP48 national
  • Barium0.20mgP74 national
  • Manganese0.20mgP45 national
  • Strontium0.20mgP44 national
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Bicarbonate532mgP77 national
  • Chloride43.9mgP26 national
  • Sulfate51.3mgP39 national
  • Carbonate15.6mgP59 national
  • Fluoride0.10mgP9 national
  • Thiosulfate0.0000mg
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid184mgP82 national
  • Metaboric acid2.2mgP20 national
  • Metaarsenious acidmg
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • Lead0.07mgP90 national
  • Cadmium< —mg
  • Mercury< —mg

Measured at the source

pH
8.30
Weakly alkaline
Source temperature
48.0°C
Hot
Tonicity
1.07g/kg
Hypotonic

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  3. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  4. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  5. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  6. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.