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Tsurunoyu Onsen

Water profile

Tsurunoyu Onsen

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

BicarbonateSodium Bicarbonate spring

A sodium-led bicarbonate spring — classified as jūsō-sen in the Japanese soda-water tradition. Neutral pH (6.8 at the wellhead) puts it squarely in the country's beauty-water family, with the soft, smoothing feel that comes from HCO3 chemistry on the skin. It emerges cool (25.2 degC) so it is reheated for bathing. Mineralization of 6.7 g/kg gives it real body; the water is colorless and faintly mineral-tasting at the source, turning slightly yellow and cloudy after standing in the air.

Good for

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium1,407mgP89 national
  • Calcium228mgP86 national
  • Magnesium87.6mgP91 national
  • Potassium20.2mgP63 national
  • FeTotal5.0mgP87 national
  • Manganese0.50mgP64 national
  • Aluminum< —mg
  • Hydrogen< —mg
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Bicarbonate4,890mgP100 national
  • Chloride7.1mgP10 national
  • Sulfate0.50mgP5 national
  • Thiosulfate0.20mgP55 national
  • Fluoride0.10mgP9 national
  • BO2< —mg
  • Carbonate< —mg
  • Hydrogen sulfide< —mg
  • HSiO3< —mg
  • Hydroxide< —mg
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid36.8mgP19 national
  • Metaboric acid28.2mgP79 national
Dissolved gasesmeasured by mass
  • Free carbon dioxide477mgP95 national
  • Free hydrogen sulfide< —mg
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • Arsenic< —mg
  • Cadmium< —mg
  • Copper< —mg
  • Mercury< —mg
  • Lead< —mg

Measured at the source

pH
6.80
Neutral
Source temperature
25.2°C
Low temp.
Tonicity
6.71g/kg
Hypotonic
Free CO₂
477mg/kg
Typical

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  3. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  4. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.