礒崎2号Isozaki Spring #2
A high-temperature sulfur-bearing sodium chloride strong-salt spring (74 °C at source) from Wakayama's Shirahama coast. Strongly mineralized at roughly 20 g/kg dissolved solids, it leaves the distinct mineral coating of a 'kyo-en-sen' on the skin. Classified as sulfur-bearing ('sulfur-bearing') thanks to trace H₂S, and carries a fair load of metasilicic acid (79.5 mg/kg) for a softer skin-feel beneath the salt.
Good for
Skin conditions
Sulfur and acidic waters are antibacterial and keratolytic, studied for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
atopic skin, eczema
Circulation
Skin-absorbed CO₂ and hydrogen sulfide relax the vessel walls; carbon-dioxide springs can raise peripheral blood flow several-fold.
tired legs
Aches & joints
Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.
stiff shoulders
Warming
Salt forms a film on the skin that slows heat loss, so the warmth lingers long after the bath (the classic heat-keeping water, netto 熱の湯).
cold sensitivity
Smooth skin
Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.
dry, rough skin
Cuts
Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.
minor wounds
Recovery
Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.
fatigue, stress
Take care
Sensitive-skin caution
Strongly acidic or sulfur-rich water can sting broken, atopic-flare, or dry elderly skin. Ease in slowly and rinse off if it stings.
broken or dry skin
Full composition
The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.
- Sodiumsalt's cation — pairs with chloride to make the water saltyNa⁺6,294mgP98 national79%
- Magnesiummild; a laxative if you drink itMg²⁺667mgP99 national16%
- Calciumsettling and calming; can leave a white mineral bloomCa²⁺168mgP84 national2%
- Potassiumminor; matters for drinking limitsK⁺242mgP98 national2%
- ManganeseMn²⁺1.3mgP83 national0.0%
- Aluminumshows up in acidic volcanic waterAl³⁺< —mg
- FeTotalFe< —mg
- Hydrogenmakes the water acidic — sharp and bactericidalH⁺< —mg
- Chloridetable-salt anion — coats the skin and holds heat inCl⁻10,050mgP97 national88%
- Bicarbonate"soda" — softens skin, leaves it smoothHCO₃⁻1,868mgP95 national9%
- Sulfate"gypsum / Glauber's salt" — vessels and wound healingSO₄²⁻405mgP82 national3%
- FluorideF⁻2.7mgP64 national0.0%
- Hydrogen sulfidesulfur character — antibacterialHS⁻0.20mgP36 national
- BO2BO₂⁻< —mg
- Carbonatestrongly alkaline; slippery feelCO₃²⁻< —mg
- HSiO3HSiO₃⁻< —mg
- Metasilicic acidmetasilicic acid — a natural moisturizer for silky skinH₂SiO₃79.5mgP47 national
- Metaboric acidmetaboric acid — mildly antibacterialHBO₂58.7mgP91 national
- Free carbon dioxidefizz — widens blood vessels (strong above 1000 mg/kg)CO₂299mgP92 national
- Free hydrogen sulfide"egg" smell — opens vessels, antibacterialH₂S1.2mgP75 national
- ArsenicAs< —mg
- CadmiumCd< —mg
- CopperCu< —mg
- Mercurytoxic trace — part of the drinking-safety checkHg< —mg
- LeadPb< —mg
Measured at the source
Evidence
- Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
- Kario K et al. Hemodynamic Effects of Hot Spring Bathing. Hypertension Research 46(3):711–720, 2023.
- Tei C, Kihara T. Waon Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure. J. Cardiology 53(2):214–218, 2009.
- Coavoy-Sánchez SA et al. Hydrogen sulfide and dermatological diseases. Int. J. Dermatology, 2019.
- Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
- Akiyama H et al. Antimicrobial effects of acidic hot-spring water on S. aureus. J. Dermatological Science 24(3):193–200, 2000.
- Toriyama T et al. Carbon dioxide foot bathing on critical limb ischemia. International Angiology 21(4):367–373, 2002.
- Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
- Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
- Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
- Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan. 禁忌症及び入浴又は飲用上の注意事項 (2014 notice).official