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Minamisuka Onsen

Water profile

Minamisuka Onsen

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

SimpleSodium Sulfate-Chloride-Bicarbonate spring

A gentle simple thermal spring piped from Beppu City's municipal onsen-supply system — the certificate names the source as the city's Ishigaki supply line, with the mayor of Beppu as the applicant. The water is neutral, lightly mineralized and easy on the skin, colorless and clear with a faint hydrogen sulfide note at the spout, while the source itself ranks among Japan's hottest. A generous 124 mg/kg of metasilicic acid places it in the classic Japanese beauty-water family, leaving the thin silica film that makes skin feel noticeably smoother. Note that the analysis was sampled at the bath inlet rather than the wellhead.

Good for

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium78.7mgP24 national
  • Calcium20.7mgP38 national
  • Magnesium10.1mgP62 national
  • Potassium8.4mgP42 national
  • Lithium0.30mgP42 national
  • Strontium0.20mgP42 national
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sulfate114mgP56 national
  • Chloride60.3mgP29 national
  • Bicarbonate95.3mgP42 national
  • Thiosulfate1.1mgP72 national
  • Fluoride0.40mgP29 national
  • Bromide0.20mgP29 national
  • H2PO40.30mgP74 national
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid124mgP63 national
  • Metaboric acid2.3mgP20 national
  • H2SO4Free0.0000mg
  • Phosphoric acid0.0000mg
  • Metaarsenious acid0.0000mg
Dissolved gasesmeasured by mass
  • Free carbon dioxide22.0mgP53 national
  • Free hydrogen sulfide0.20mgP66 national
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • Arsenic0.04mgP45 national
  • Cadmium< —mg
  • Copper< —mg
  • Mercury< —mg
  • Lead< —mg

Measured at the source

pH
6.40
Neutral
Source temperature
68.5°C
Hot
Tonicity
0.52g/kg
Hypotonic
Free CO₂
22mg/kg
Low
Free H₂S
0.20mg/kg
Low

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  3. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  4. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  5. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  6. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.