A calcium- and sodium-led sulfate spring, settled and mineral-rich with noticeable body. At pH 8.6 it is alkaline, leaving a slippery, soft feel on the skin that places it in Japan's beauty-water family. It carries 57 mg/kg of metasilicic acid, enough for a thin silica film that smooths the skin. It is served as untreated source flow — no dilution, heating, recirculation, or disinfection.
Good for
Aches & joints
Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.
stiff shoulders
Circulation
Skin-absorbed CO₂ and hydrogen sulfide relax the vessel walls; carbon-dioxide springs can raise peripheral blood flow several-fold.
tired legs
Smooth skin
Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.
dry, rough skin
Cuts
Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.
minor wounds
Recovery
Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.
fatigue, stress
Full composition
The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.
- Sodiumsalt's cation — pairs with chloride to make the water saltyNa⁺311mgP62 national
- Calciumsettling and calming; can leave a white mineral bloomCa²⁺309mgP89 national
- Potassiumminor; matters for drinking limitsK⁺9.7mgP45 national
- Magnesiummild; a laxative if you drink itMg²⁺1.7mgP31 national
- StrontiumSr²⁺1.7mgP84 national
- Sulfate"gypsum / Glauber's salt" — vessels and wound healingSO₄²⁻1,288mgP98 national
- Chloridetable-salt anion — coats the skin and holds heat inCl⁻80.6mgP35 national
- Bicarbonate"soda" — softens skin, leaves it smoothHCO₃⁻11.1mgP6 national
- Carbonatestrongly alkaline; slippery feelCO₃²⁻4.1mgP31 national
- Fluoridetrace; drinking limits applyF⁻0.70mgP40 national
- Metasilicic acidmetasilicic acid — a natural moisturizer for silky skinH₂SiO₃57.1mgP34 national
- Metaboric acidmetaboric acid — mildly antibacterialHBO₂2.6mgP23 national
- Metaarsenious acidHAsO₂0.04mgP38 national
- CadmiumCd< —mg
- CopperCu< —mg
- Mercurytoxic trace — part of the drinking-safety checkHg< —mg
- LeadPb< —mg
Measured at the source
Evidence
- Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
- Tei C, Kihara T. Waon Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure. J. Cardiology 53(2):214–218, 2009.
- Coavoy-Sánchez SA et al. Hydrogen sulfide and dermatological diseases. Int. J. Dermatology, 2019.
- Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
- Toriyama T et al. Carbon dioxide foot bathing on critical limb ischemia. International Angiology 21(4):367–373, 2002.
- Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
- Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
- Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
- Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.