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Kobo-yu

Water profile

Kobo-yu

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

SimpleSodium Fluoride-Chloride spring

An alkaline simple thermal spring with very light mineralization (171 mg/kg of dissolved solids). At pH 9.3 the water sits firmly in Japan's beauty-water family, giving the characteristic slippery feel on the skin. The source emerges at 31.5 °C as a cold-mineral / low-temp spring, so the bath is reheated. Colorless, tasteless, and odorless — gentle and unobtrusive on the body.

Good for

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium43.5mgP11 national
  • FeTotal< —mg
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Fluoride11.2mgP93 national
  • Chloride18.1mgP17 national
  • Bicarbonate30.5mgP18 national
  • BO20.60mgP51 national
  • Hydroxide0.60mgP78 national
  • Hydrogen sulfide< —mg
  • Sulfate< —mg
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid22.7mgP8 national
  • Metaboric acid< —mg
Dissolved gasesmeasured by mass
  • Free carbon dioxide< —mg
  • Free hydrogen sulfide< —mg
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • Arsenic< —mg
  • Cadmium< —mg
  • Copper< —mg
  • Lead< —mg

Measured at the source

pH
9.30
Alkaline
Source temperature
31.5°C
Low temp.
Tonicity
0.17g/kg
Hypotonic

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  3. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  4. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.