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TAIKOUYU

Water profile

TAIKOUYU

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

Chloride

A sodium chloride spring — salty, heat-retaining water that the posted notice still labels by its old name, jun-shokuen-sen ("pure salt spring"). It is weakly alkaline and soft on the skin, and a generous 134 mg/kg of metasilicic acid puts it squarely in Japan's beauty-water family; dissolved solids of 1,321 mg/kg give the water moderate body without heaviness. The notice lists cuts, peripheral circulation disorders, cold sensitivity, depressed mood and dry skin among the spring-type indications. The bath is fed by a blend of two registered wells (Onsen-mura No. 28 and No. 29).

Good for

Warming

Salt forms a film on the skin that slows heat loss, so the warmth lingers long after the bath (the classic heat-keeping water, netto 熱の湯).

cold sensitivity

On the certificate:Cold sensitivity

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

On the certificate:Muscle stiffness associated with motor paralysis

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

On the certificate:Dry skin

Cuts

Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.

minor wounds

On the certificate:Cuts

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

On the certificate:Autonomic nervous system instabilityConvalescenceFatigue recoveryGeneral health improvementDepressed mood

Take care

Contraindications
  • Active stage of any illness (especially with fever)
  • Active tuberculosis
  • Advanced malignant tumor, severe anemia, or other marked physical debilitation
  • Severe heart or kidney disease causing shortness of breath on slight exertion
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Visible bleeding
  • Acute exacerbation of a chronic illness

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium341mgP66 national
  • Calcium40.5mgP52 national
  • Potassium26.6mgP72 national
  • Magnesium3.5mgP41 national
  • Lithium0.51mgP54 national
  • Strontium0.13mgP25 national
  • Manganese0.10mgP36 national
  • Aluminum0.02mgP22 national
  • Iron (II)0.0000mg
  • Zinc0.0000mg
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Chloride545mgP76 national
  • Bicarbonate144mgP51 national
  • Sulfate60.7mgP44 national
  • HSiO31.7mgP52 national
  • Bromide1.1mgP59 national
  • BO20.76mgP54 national
  • Carbonate0.70mgP17 national
  • Nitrate0.37mgP46 national
  • Fluoride0.33mgP23 national
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid134mgP66 national
  • Metaboric acid19.5mgP74 national
Dissolved gasesmeasured by mass
  • Free carbon dioxide3.9mgP25 national
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • Arsenic0.40mgP90 national
  • Cadmium0.0000mg
  • Copper0.0000mg
  • Mercury0.0000mg
  • Lead0.0000mg

Measured at the source

Source temperature
63.9°C
Hot
Tonicity
1.32g/kg
Hypotonic
Free CO₂
3.85mg/kg
Low

On the certificate

  • Chronic muscle or joint pain and stiffness (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lower back pain, neuralgia, frozen shoulder, bruises, sprains — chronic phase)
  • Peripheral circulation disorders
  • Reduced gastrointestinal function (heaviness, bloating)
  • Mild hypertension
  • Impaired glucose tolerance (diabetes)
  • Mild hypercholesterolemia
  • Mild asthma or emphysema
  • Hemorrhoid pain
  • Stress-related symptoms (sleep disorders, depressed mood)

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Kario K et al. Hemodynamic Effects of Hot Spring Bathing. Hypertension Research 46(3):711–720, 2023.
  3. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  4. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  5. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  6. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  7. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.