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Kamiterayu Hot Spring

Water profile

Kamiterayu Hot Spring

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

上寺湯Kamiterayu Spring

Sulfur

A sulfur-bearing sodium-calcium sulfate spring — weakly alkaline and soft on the skin, carrying the faint rotten-egg note of H₂S over the quiet body that sulfate gives. The source runs at 77.9 °C, among Japan's hottest natural water, and the posted notice states plainly that it is diluted because the source is too hot, reaching the bath at 42.0 °C. Its spring-type indications lean toward skin: atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, chronic eczema and pyoderma, alongside cuts, poor peripheral circulation and cold sensitivity.

Good for

Skin conditions

Sulfur and acidic waters are antibacterial and keratolytic, studied for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

atopic skin, eczema

On the certificate:Atopic dermatitisPsoriasis vulgarisChronic eczemaPyoderma

Circulation

Skin-absorbed CO₂ and hydrogen sulfide relax the vessel walls; carbon-dioxide springs can raise peripheral blood flow several-fold.

tired legs

On the certificate:Mild hypertensionHemorrhoid painPeripheral circulation disorders

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

On the certificate:Muscle stiffness associated with motor paralysis

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

On the certificate:Dry skin

Cuts

Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.

minor wounds

On the certificate:Cuts

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

On the certificate:Autonomic nervous system instabilityConvalescenceFatigue recoveryGeneral health improvementDepressed mood

Take care

Sensitive-skin caution

Strongly acidic or sulfur-rich water can sting broken, atopic-flare, or dry elderly skin. Ease in slowly and rinse off if it stings.

broken or dry skin

Contraindications
  • Active stage of any illness (especially with fever)
  • Active tuberculosis
  • Advanced malignant tumor, severe anemia or other states of marked physical debilitation
  • Severe heart or lung disease causing breathlessness on slight exertion
  • Severe kidney disease with edema
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Visible bleeding
  • Acute exacerbation of a chronic illness
  • People with sensitive skin or mucous membranes
  • Dry skin in the elderly

Measured at the source

Source temperature
77.9°C
Hot
Tonicity
Hypotonic

On the certificate

  • Chronic muscle or joint pain and stiffness (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lower back pain, neuralgia, frozen shoulder, bruises, sprains — chronic phase)
  • Reduced gastrointestinal function (heaviness, bloating)
  • Impaired glucose tolerance (diabetes)
  • Mild hypercholesterolemia
  • Mild asthma or emphysema
  • Stress-related symptoms (sleep disorders and the like)
  • Cold sensitivity

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Tei C, Kihara T. Waon Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure. J. Cardiology 53(2):214–218, 2009.
  3. Coavoy-Sánchez SA et al. Hydrogen sulfide and dermatological diseases. Int. J. Dermatology, 2019.
  4. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  5. Akiyama H et al. Antimicrobial effects of acidic hot-spring water on S. aureus. J. Dermatological Science 24(3):193–200, 2000.
  6. Toriyama T et al. Carbon dioxide foot bathing on critical limb ischemia. International Angiology 21(4):367–373, 2002.
  7. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  8. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  9. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  10. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.
  11. Ministry of the Environment, Japan. 禁忌症及び入浴又は飲用上の注意事項 (2014 notice).official

丸釜Marugama Spring

SulfurSodium-Calcium Sulfate spring · +Sulfate

A sulfur-bearing sodium-calcium sulfate spring. The water is colorless and clear but unmistakably sulfurous — hydrogen sulfide shows in both the smell and the taste — while sulfate gives it a quiet mineral body at just over 1,000 mg/kg of dissolved solids. It is alkaline enough to feel slippery on the skin and sits in Japan's beauty-water family, helped along by metasilicic acid at 108 mg/kg. The water leaves the ground at 82.4 °C, among Japan's hottest natural sources, and the posted notice confirms the bath is diluted for that reason; the certificate lists chronic eczema and lichen, itchy skin, wounds and chronic pyoderma among its bathing indications.

Good for

Skin conditions

Sulfur and acidic waters are antibacterial and keratolytic, studied for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

atopic skin, eczema

Circulation

Skin-absorbed CO₂ and hydrogen sulfide relax the vessel walls; carbon-dioxide springs can raise peripheral blood flow several-fold.

tired legs

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

Smooth skin

Bicarbonate and alkalinity gently lift dead keratin while silica hydrates, leaving skin smooth. This is the basis of the beautifying-water (bijin-no-yu 美人の湯) reputation.

dry, rough skin

Cuts

Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.

minor wounds

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

Take care

Sensitive-skin caution

Strongly acidic or sulfur-rich water can sting broken, atopic-flare, or dry elderly skin. Ease in slowly and rinse off if it stings.

broken or dry skin

Contraindications
  • Patients with sensitive skin or mucous membranes, especially those with photosensitivity
  • All acute illnesses (especially febrile illness)
  • Progressive tuberculosis
  • Malignant tumor
  • Severe heart disease
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Severe anemia
  • Any other illness in an actively progressing stage
  • Pregnancy (especially the early and late stages)
  • Patients with diarrhea or prone to diarrhea

Full composition

The bar is each ion's share of charge (mval%) within its group; over 20% names the spring. Gases, silica and trace metals are measured by mass only.

Cationsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sodium198mgP51 national
  • Calcium82.4mgP67 national
  • Potassium6.7mgP39 national
  • Aluminum1.5mgP78 national
  • Ammonium1.0mgP66 national
Anionsshare of charge (mval%)
  • Sulfate495mgP87 national
  • Chloride91.4mgP38 national
  • Carbonate15.0mgP59 national
  • Hydrogen sulfide9.6mgP92 national
  • Bicarbonate11.3mgP6 national
  • Fluoride0.90mgP45 national
  • Bromide0.60mgP49 national
  • Iodide0.20mgP51 national
Non-dissociatedmeasured by mass
  • Metasilicic acid108mgP56 national
  • Metaboric acid7.3mgP47 national
Dissolved gasesmeasured by mass
  • Free hydrogen sulfide0.20mgP66 national
Trace metalsmeasured by mass
  • ArsenicNDmg
  • CopperNDmg
  • MercuryNDmg
  • LeadNDmg

Measured at the source

pH
8.80
Alkaline
Source temperature
82.4°C
Hot
Tonicity
1.03g/kg
Hypotonic
Free H₂S
0.20mg/kg
Low

On the certificate

  • Rheumatic conditions
  • Chronic poisoning (mercury, lead, arsenic and the like)
  • Pruritus (itchy skin)
  • Diabetes
  • Keratosis
  • Chronic eczema and lichen
  • Seborrheic conditions (acne and the like)
  • Chilblains
  • Chronic pyoderma
  • Motor impairment (especially nerve paralysis)
  • Wounds
  • Chronic inflammation of the female genital organs
  • Menstrual disorders (especially amenorrhea and hypomenorrhea)
  • Certain forms of infertility (those without fallopian tube obstruction)
  • Diabetes
  • Chronic poisoning
  • Rheumatic conditions
  • Gout and uric acid diathesis
  • Chronic constipation
  • Motor impairment (especially nerve paralysis)
  • Chronic bronchitis

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Tei C, Kihara T. Waon Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure. J. Cardiology 53(2):214–218, 2009.
  3. Coavoy-Sánchez SA et al. Hydrogen sulfide and dermatological diseases. Int. J. Dermatology, 2019.
  4. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  5. Akiyama H et al. Antimicrobial effects of acidic hot-spring water on S. aureus. J. Dermatological Science 24(3):193–200, 2000.
  6. Toriyama T et al. Carbon dioxide foot bathing on critical limb ischemia. International Angiology 21(4):367–373, 2002.
  7. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  8. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  9. Li H et al. Bicarbonate Ionized Water Bathing Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity. Scientific Reports 14:51851, 2024.
  10. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.
  11. Ministry of the Environment, Japan. 禁忌症及び入浴又は飲用上の注意事項 (2014 notice).official

How the water is handled

Water treatment

Treated and recirculated
from Article 18 disclosure
  • Added water
    Yes
  • Reheated
    No
  • Recirculated
    No
  • Disinfected
    No
  • Bath additives
    No

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.