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Koki

Water profile

Koki

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

銀泉(ラジウム泉)Ginsen (Radium spring)

Radon

A simple radon spring of Arima's silver-water (ginsen) tradition. The wellhead is cold at 18.2 °C, neutral pH 7.35, colorless and transparent, tasteless and odorless. Radon registers at a high 1,900 Bq/kg (about 140 mache units), placing it firmly in the radon-hormesis family; the source is reheated for bathing.

Good for

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

On the certificate:神経痛Muscle painJoint painFrozen shoulderMotor paralysisJoint stiffnessBruisesSprains

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

On the certificate:ConvalescenceFatigue recoveryGeneral health improvement

Take care

Contraindications
  • 急性疾患(特に熱のある場合)
  • Active tuberculosis
  • Malignant tumor
  • 重い心臓病
  • 妊娠中
  • その他一般に病勢進行中の疾患
  • (高温浴禁忌症(42℃以上))動脈硬化症、高血圧症

Measured at the source

pH
7.35
Neutral
Source temperature
18.2°C
Cold mineral
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Flow rate
83L/min
Typical
Radon
1900Bq/kg
High

On the certificate

  • Chronic digestive disorders
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Cold sensitivity
  • (42℃を超えての浴用の場合)動脈硬化症、高血圧症
  • Gout
  • Chronic digestive disorders
  • 慢性胆嚢炎
  • 胆石症
  • Diabetes

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  3. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  4. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

有明2号(玉泉・赤湯)Ariake No. 2 (Tamasen / Akayu)

Chloride

Among Japan's hottest natural sources at 94.8 °C, this is Arima's celebrated kinsen (gold-water) lineage — an iron-bearing sodium chloride strong-salt spring, hypertonic and neutral. Dissolved solids exceed 56 g/kg, far above ocean salinity, and the iron oxidizes on contact with air to leave the brown sediment that gives the bath its akayu (red water) name. Strongly salty with a pronounced metallic edge, and the salt layer it leaves on the skin is thick and warming.

Good for

Warming

Salt forms a film on the skin that slows heat loss, so the warmth lingers long after the bath (the classic heat-keeping water, nettō 熱の湯).

cold sensitivity

On the certificate:Cold sensitivity

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

On the certificate:神経痛Muscle painJoint painFrozen shoulderMotor paralysisJoint stiffnessBruisesSprains

Cuts

Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.

minor wounds

On the certificate:やけど

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

On the certificate:ConvalescenceFatigue recoveryGeneral health improvement

Take care

Contraindications
  • 急性疾患(特に熱のある場合)
  • Active tuberculosis
  • Malignant tumor
  • 重い心臓病
  • 呼吸不全
  • その他一般に病勢進行中の疾患
  • 妊娠中(特に初期と末期)

Measured at the source

Source temperature
94.8°C
Hot
Tonicity
Hypertonic
Radon
2.30Bq/kg
Low

On the certificate

  • Chronic digestive disorders
  • Hemorrhoids
  • 切傷
  • 慢性皮膚病
  • Chronic gynecological conditions
  • 月経障害

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Kario K et al. Hemodynamic Effects of Hot Spring Bathing. Hypertension Research 46(3):711–720, 2023.
  3. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  4. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  5. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  6. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.