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Koki

Water profile

Koki

Spring chemistry and what it does, with the research behind it.

銀泉(ラジウム泉)Ginsen (Radium spring)

ラRadon

A simple radon spring of Arima's silver-water (ginsen) tradition. The wellhead is cold at 18.2 °C, neutral pH 7.35, colorless and transparent, tasteless and odorless. Radon registers at a high 1,900 Bq/kg (about 140 mache units), placing it firmly in the radon-hormesis family; the source is reheated for bathing.

Good for

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

On the certificate:NeuralgiaMuscle painJoint painFrozen shoulderMotor paralysisJoint stiffnessBruisesSprains

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

On the certificate:ConvalescenceFatigue recoveryGeneral health improvement

Take care

Contraindications
  • Acute illness (especially when fever is present)
  • Active tuberculosis
  • Malignant tumor
  • Severe heart disease
  • Pregnancy
  • Any illness in an actively progressing stage
  • Contraindicated for hot baths (42°C and above): arteriosclerosis, hypertension

Measured at the source

pH
7.35
Neutral
Source temperature
18.2°C
Cold mineral
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Flow rate
83L/min
Typical
Radon
1900Bq/kg
High

On the certificate

  • Chronic digestive disorders
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Cold sensitivity
  • When bathing above 42°C: arteriosclerosis, hypertension
  • Gout
  • Chronic digestive disorders
  • Chronic cholecystitis
  • Gallstones
  • Diabetes

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  3. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  4. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

有明2号(玉泉・赤湯)Ariake No. 2 (Tamasen / Akayu)

鉄Iron-bearing

Among Japan's hottest natural sources at 94.8 °C, this is Arima's celebrated kinsen (gold-water) lineage — an iron-bearing sodium chloride strong-salt spring, hypertonic and neutral. Dissolved solids exceed 56 g/kg, far above ocean salinity, and the iron oxidizes on contact with air to leave the brown sediment that gives the bath its akayu (red water) name. Strongly salty with a pronounced metallic edge, and the salt layer it leaves on the skin is thick and warming.

Good for

Aches & joints

Warmth eases stiffness and raises the pain threshold. Radon and sulfate springs show the strongest evidence for joint and muscle pain.

stiff shoulders

On the certificate:NeuralgiaMuscle painJoint painFrozen shoulderMotor paralysisJoint stiffnessBruisesSprains

Warming

Salt forms a film on the skin that slows heat loss, so the warmth lingers long after the bath (the classic heat-keeping water, netto 熱の湯).

cold sensitivity

On the certificate:Cold sensitivity

Cuts

Mineral-rich chloride, sulfate and sulfur waters have a long-recorded soothing effect on minor cuts and slow-healing skin.

minor wounds

On the certificate:Burns

Recovery

Warmth and buoyancy lower stress markers and improve sleep; habitual bathing is linked to lower rates of depression.

fatigue, stress

On the certificate:ConvalescenceFatigue recoveryGeneral health improvement

Take care

Contraindications
  • Acute illness (especially when fever is present)
  • Active tuberculosis
  • Malignant tumor
  • Severe heart disease
  • Respiratory failure
  • Any illness in an actively progressing stage
  • Pregnancy (especially the early and late stages)

Measured at the source

Source temperature
94.8°C
Hot
Tonicity
Hypertonic
Radon
2.30Bq/kg
Low

On the certificate

  • Chronic digestive disorders
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Cuts
  • Chronic skin conditions
  • Chronic gynecological conditions
  • Menstrual disorders

Evidence

  1. Maeda M. 温泉の医学的効果とその科学的根拠. J. Hot Spring Science 70:197–207, 2021.
  2. Kario K et al. Hemodynamic Effects of Hot Spring Bathing. Hypertension Research 46(3):711–720, 2023.
  3. Naito Y et al. A Hot-Spring Water Improves Inflammatory Conditions in an Atopic Dermatitis Model. Biomedicines 13(11):2707, 2025.
  4. Donaubauer AJ et al. Serial radon spa therapy on pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024.
  5. Verhagen AP et al. Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD000518, 2015.
  6. Takeda M et al. Hot spring bathing practices have a positive effect on mental health in Japan. Heliyon 9(9):e19631, 2023.

Educational, not medical advice. If you have a health condition, consult a physician before onsen therapy.